The Ultimate Guide to Teachers Pay Teachers (TPT)
How to find classroom materials worth paying for, get real value from freebies, and decide whether selling your own lessons is worth it under the new 2027 seller rules.
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1. Understanding the Teachers Pay Teachers Ecosystem
Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy, sell, and give away lesson materials they made themselves. Think of it as a giant shared filing cabinet for American classrooms, except each folder has a price tag (or a "Free" sticker) and a real teacher behind it.
In this section: what TPT is · history and ownership · the numbers
What is Teachers Pay Teachers (TPT)?
TPT is a two-sided store. On one side, a third-grade teacher in Ohio searches "multiplication task cards" on a Sunday night and downloads a $4 set she can print for Monday. On the other side, the teacher who made those cards earns a cut of that $4.
Almost everything is digital. Nothing ships in a box, which is why a purchase at 9:45 p.m. can be on the copier by 7:30 a.m.
What you'll actually find there
- Printables: worksheets, task cards, exit tickets, posters and bulletin board kits, usually as PDFs.
- Editable files: PowerPoint and Google Slides lessons you can tweak for your own class.
- Full units: two- to six-week packages with lesson plans, slides, assessments and answer keys.
- Interactive activities: Easel Activities and self-grading Easel Assessments that students complete on a device.
- Teacher-life extras: sub plans, parent newsletters, classroom decor and planners.
Who uses it
Classroom teachers are the core audience, from PreK through high school. But homeschooling parents, private tutors, special education teams and instructional coaches shop there too, mostly for the same reason: they need something good by tomorrow.
What most guides skip
TPT is not a curriculum publisher. Quality ranges from brilliant to barely edited, because anyone who pays the seller fee can list. No editor checks a product before it goes live.
That's why the buyer section below spends so much time on filtering. Your real job on TPT is quality control.
Who Founded TPT and Who Owns It Now?
Paul Edelman, a former New York City public school teacher, started the site in 2006. His idea was simple. Teachers were already swapping worksheets in the copy room, so why not let the person who did the work get paid for it?
It took off. Over the next decade TPT became the default place US teachers looked for materials, and a small group of teacher-authors began earning more from their stores than from their salaries.
Key dates at a glance
| Date | What happened |
|---|---|
| 2006 | Paul Edelman launches Teachers Pay Teachers. |
| Feb 2021 | Easel by TPT launches, adding digital tools for assigning resources online. |
| Mar 2022 | TPT buys Bakpax, an automated grading company, to strengthen Easel. |
| Mar 2, 2023 | IXL Learning acquires TPT. The price is not disclosed. |
| Oct 1, 2026 | Premium seller membership closes to new sign-ups; Exclusive Seller replaces it. |
| Oct 2026 | At a seller Town Hall, TPT announces a ban on AI-generated resources. |
| Jan 1, 2027 | Exclusive payout rate becomes 77.5%. Premium sellers who didn't opt in become Basic sellers. |
What IXL ownership means
IXL Learning is the company behind the IXL practice platform. It also owns Rosetta Stone, ABCya, Education.com, Vocabulary.com, SpanishDictionary.com and Wyzant, so TPT now sits inside one of the bigger K-12 software families in the US.
For the first three years after the deal, little changed on the surface. Then came October 2026. The exclusivity requirement for top sellers and the AI ban both arrived within weeks, and both point the same way: IXL wants TPT content that is original, human-made and sold only on TPT.
Why the owner matters to you: if you sell, policy changes now come faster than they did before 2023. Check the official TPT seller blog at least once a month.
Platform Reach: Essential Statistics and Community Scale
These numbers come from IXL's own acquisition announcement in March 2023:
How to read these numbers
- 85% is about reach, not daily use. It means most US teachers have used TPT, not that they log in every day. Still, if you teach in a public school, the teacher across the hall almost certainly has an account.
- 1 billion downloads across 7 million resources averages out to roughly 140 downloads per resource. The real spread is lopsided: a few bestsellers get downloaded hundreds of thousands of times, while many listings barely move.
- 7 million resources is a filtering problem. More choice means more junk to wade through, which is why search skill matters more than budget.
One caution: these are 2023 figures. TPT hasn't published a full public update since, so treat them as a floor, not a current count.
2. The Complete TPT Buyer’s Handbook
Buying well on TPT comes down to three habits: search narrowly, check the preview, and read the license before you share anything.
In this section: search and filters · freebies · Easel · School Access · quality auditor · license estimator
How to Search and Filter for Perfect Classroom Materials
A broad search like "fractions" returns tens of thousands of results. That's useless. Be specific, then let the filters do the rest.
The 6-step narrow search
- Type the exact thing you need. "Equivalent fractions task cards 4th grade" beats "fractions" every time. Put the skill, the format and the grade in the search box, in that order.
- Set Grade and Subject. Use the left-hand filters. Off-level results drop away, which usually cuts the list by more than half.
- Pick a Format. PDF if you print. Google Slides or Easel if students work on Chromebooks. Picking the wrong format is the most common reason buyers ask for refunds.
- Set a Price range. Under $5 is plenty for a single activity; a full unit often runs $10 to $25. Anything far above that range should show you why in the preview.
- Open the Preview. Look at actual student pages, not just the cover. If the preview shows only a cover and a table of contents, be suspicious.
- Check how many ratings, not just the stars. A 4.8 from 900 buyers tells you more than a 5.0 from 6. Skim the newest reviews for mentions of answer-key errors.
A real search, start to finish
Say you teach 7th-grade science and need a lab on density for next Thursday. You search "density lab middle school," filter Grade to 7th, Format to PDF and Price to under $6. That cuts the list to a manageable few pages.
Now open three previews. One shows a full data table and a student reflection page. Another shows only a pretty cover. Easy call.
Red flags before you buy
- A preview that shows the cover and "thank you" page but no real content.
- A description that doesn't list exactly what's inside (number of pages, answer key, editable or not).
- Odd images: misspelled words in pictures, extra fingers, signs with garbled text. These often point to AI-generated art, which TPT is now banning.
- Reviews that mention errors in the answer key. One such review is a warning; three is a pass.
TPT Resource Quality Auditor
Open a product page, then switch on each thing you can confirm. The score updates as you go.
Switch on each item you can confirm on the product page.
Getting more for your money
When you find a seller whose style fits your class, click "Follow." Their new uploads then show up for you. Bundles are where the savings live: six $4 resources cost $24 separately, but a seller might bundle them for $18, a 25% cut.
Also use the wishlist. Save things all month, then buy during a sitewide sale.
Finding and Using TPT Freebies Legally
Pick "Free" under the Price filter and the paid listings disappear. Many sellers post a free sample of a bigger product, so a free week of morning work can be a solid way to test someone before you buy their full-year set.
Three ways to find the good free stuff
- Filter by Free plus your grade and subject. Same narrow search as above, just $0.
- Look for "free sample" or "freebie" in titles from sellers who already have strong ratings on paid products.
- Check a seller's store page for a free section. Established sellers often keep their best samples there.
What the license usually allows
Free does not mean license-free. Most free resources carry the same Terms of Use as paid ones.
Usually fine
- Printing copies for your own students
- Posting to a password-protected class platform like Google Classroom
- Using it year after year in your classroom
Usually not allowed
- Emailing the file to your grade-level team
- Posting it on a public class website
- Editing it and reselling or re-uploading it as your own
Scenario: four 2nd-grade teachers love the same free phonics pack. The right move is for each of them to download it from their own account. It costs nothing and takes a minute, and it keeps everyone inside the license.
For paid resources, the same team would buy one copy plus three "additional licenses" at checkout. The first license is full price; each extra one uses the seller's additional-license price, which TPT sets to 10% off by default. Sellers can change that discount, including to 0%.
TPT School & Team Additional License Estimator
The discount is set by each seller, so check the "additional license" price on the product page at checkout. Prices exclude any sales tax.
What is Easel by TPT and How Does It Work?
Easel is TPT's built-in tool for turning a printable into something students complete on a screen. It launched in February 2021, when many classrooms were still partly remote, and it comes with a regular TPT account at no extra cost.
Easel Activities vs. Easel Assessments
- Easel Activities are interactive versions of PDF resources. Students type, draw, highlight or drag on top of the pages.
- Easel Assessments are quizzes that can grade themselves, which saves real time on a 28-student exit ticket.
Building a virtual lesson in Easel, step by step
- Find an Easel-ready resource. Filter search results for "Easel Activities" and look for the "Easel Activity" or "Easel Assessment" label on the product page.
- Open it in Easel from your purchases.
- Prep the pages. Add text boxes where students answer, type directions on top, and mark up anything that needs clarifying.
- Assign it. Send it straight to Google Classroom, or copy a link and paste it into any LMS, such as Canvas or Schoology.
- Students complete it on their own device. Those outside Google Classroom create an Easel account to open it.
- Review the work inside Easel. Student answers stay in Easel, so you check them there rather than in your LMS.
Where Easel works best (and where it doesn't)
It shines for 1:1 Chromebook classrooms, sub days and quick digital practice. A sub can assign a pre-built Easel link with zero tech setup.
The limits are real, though. Only single-PDF resources can become Easel Activities, and the editing tools are simpler than full apps like Google Slides. For a heavy multimedia lesson, you'll likely want a different tool.
Purchasing for Schools: TPT School Access Explained
TPT School Access is a paid subscription bought by a school or district. Teachers in that building get a shared library of resources without paying per item out of their own pocket.
Why admins care
For admins, the selling point is licensing. When 12 teachers each buy the same $8 unit on personal cards, that's $96 and twelve separate licenses nobody tracks. A school subscription keeps the paperwork in one place and gives the district a clear record of what's in use.
Questions to ask before your school signs up
- Which resources are included, and are top sellers' products part of the library?
- How many teacher seats does the price cover?
- Can teachers still buy individual items outside the subscription if they need to?
- How does it fit with the curriculum the district already pays for?
Before you pay out of pocket: ask your principal or instructional coach whether your school already has School Access. Plenty of teachers don't find out until spring.
3. The Ultimate TPT Seller’s Growth Hub
Selling on TPT can pay for a vacation or, for a small group of authors, replace a salary. Most stores land somewhere in between, and in 2027 the membership you pick matters more than ever.
In this section: opening a store · Basic vs. Exclusive · payouts and taxes · product design · profit calculator · keyword generator
How to Open Your TPT Seller Account and Start Earning
You can't start as a seller directly. You become one by upgrading a buyer account.
- Create a free buyer account on TPT.
- Go to My Account → Store Profile and click "Upgrade now."
- Choose Basic Seller or Exclusive Seller and click "Join Now." Payment goes through PayPal.
- Set up your store: name, profile photo and a short bio that says who you teach ("4th-grade math, 11 years in Texas public schools").
- Connect your payout account through Hyperwallet before your first sale, not after.
- Upload your first resource with a cover, a preview file and a clear description.
Your first 30 days
- Week 1: pick one narrow niche, such as middle-school science labs or kindergarten phonics centers.
- Week 2: upload one free resource. It builds followers and early reviews.
- Weeks 3–4: upload four or five paid products in that same niche, priced $3 to $6.
A realistic first goal? Ten solid listings in one niche. A store with 10 middle-school science labs usually beats a store with 10 random products from kindergarten to algebra.
Basic vs. Exclusive Seller Membership (Premium Is Retiring): Which Is Right for You?
Big change here. TPT stopped offering Premium to new sellers on October 1, 2026 and is replacing it with an Exclusive Seller membership. Older guides that still say "go Premium for 80%" are out of date.
The two plans side by side
| Basic Seller | Exclusive Seller | |
|---|---|---|
| Cost | $29 one time (non-refundable) | $59.95 per year |
| Payout rate | 55% of each sale | 80% until Dec 31, 2026, then 77.5% from Jan 1, 2027 |
| Transaction fee | $0.30 per resource sold | $0 on orders over $3; $0.15 per resource on orders under $3 |
| Sell elsewhere? | Yes, anywhere you like | No. Digital teaching resources must be sold only on TPT |
| Seller tools | Standard dashboard | Search Analytics, Keyword Finder, extra promotion tools and marketing data |
| Marketing | — | May be included in TPT-funded marketing campaigns |
Note: the $29 Basic fee can't be applied toward an Exclusive membership if you upgrade later.
What "exclusive" actually covers
This is where most sellers get confused. Exclusivity applies to digital educational resources, not everything you make.
Can still sell off TPT
- Clip art and fonts (non-education digital products)
- Physical products
- Courses and professional development
- Boom Cards
- Kindle books
Must sell only on TPT
- Digital educational resources
- Memberships that include those resources
- Licenses for those resources (such as school licenses)
You can still run your own website and market your products elsewhere. The final purchase just has to happen on TPT, so a "Buy Now" button on your blog should link to the matching TPT listing.
Free resources have one twist. You may offer a freebie both on and off TPT, but if something is free off TPT, you can't charge for it on TPT.
The money, worked out at three store sizes
Assume an average price of $5 and orders over $3. Basic keeps 55% minus $0.30 per resource; Exclusive keeps 77.5% minus the $59.95 yearly fee.
| Yearly sales | Basic take-home | Exclusive take-home | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| $500 (100 sales) | $245 | $327.55 | +$82.55 |
| $3,000 (600 sales) | $1,470 | $2,265.05 | +$795.05 |
| $20,000 (4,000 sales) | $9,800 | $15,440.05 | +$5,640.05 |
Per sale, Exclusive keeps about $1.43 more on a $5 item ($3.88 vs. $2.45). So the $59.95 fee is covered after roughly 42 sales, or about $210 a year.
TPT Seller Profit Calculator
Enter your own numbers. Results update as you type.
Yearly take-home after TPT fees, before PayPal/Hyperwallet transfer fees and income tax. Exclusive also requires selling your digital teaching resources only on TPT.
So which one should you pick?
- Choose Basic if you sell digital lessons on your own Shopify site, Etsy or another marketplace, or run a paid membership with lesson files. Exclusive would force you to shut those down.
- Choose Exclusive if TPT is your only shop for digital lessons and you expect more than about $210 a year in sales.
- Not sure yet? Start on Basic. You can upgrade to Exclusive at any time and your payout rate updates right away.
Fine print that catches people
- Opting out: if you leave Exclusive after January 1, 2027, you must wait one year before you can opt back in.
- Refunds: Premium sellers who move to Basic on January 1 get a prorated refund of $5 per remaining month. Exclusive sellers who switch to Basic later get no prorated refund.
- Renewals: Exclusive renews automatically through PayPal each year.
Current Premium sellers: opt in to Exclusive on the opt-in page under My Account by December 31, 2026, 11:59 p.m. ET. Do nothing and your store becomes Basic on January 1, 2027. Your last Premium fee covers your first Exclusive year.
How Does TPT Handle Payouts, Earnings, and Store Administration?
TPT handles checkout, file delivery and refunds to buyers. You handle making the product good. Money reaches you once a month through Hyperwallet, a payment processor owned by PayPal.
Setting up Hyperwallet
- Open the Payout Options tab in your TPT account and copy your unique TPT key.
- Register on Hyperwallet using that key.
- Add a transfer method: PayPal, direct deposit, wire transfer or Venmo, depending on your country.
- Add your tax information when prompted. US sellers typically submit a W-9; sellers outside the US typically submit a W-8BEN.
Small balances? PayPal has no minimum, so it's the best pick while you're earning under $1 a month.
The mistake new sellers make most often is skipping this setup. Sales pile up, payouts fail, and then they email support wondering where three months of money went.
Taxes in plain English
- Sales tax: TPT collects and sends US sales tax to states as the marketplace, so you don't file it per sale.
- Form 1099-K: under current federal rules, payment processors generally report to the IRS once you pass $20,000 and 200 transactions in a year. A few states set lower thresholds.
- Income tax: your TPT earnings are taxable even if you never get a 1099-K. Keep records from day one.
- Common deductible costs: clip art and font licenses, your membership fee, design software like Canva Pro, and printer ink used for product photos.
This is general information, not tax advice. If your store earns more than a few hundred dollars a year, an hour with a CPA is money well spent.
Running the store week to week
- Answer buyer questions in your product Q&A within a day or two. Slow replies cost sales.
- Fix errors fast when a review points one out, then thank the reviewer.
- Check your sales data monthly. Exclusive sellers can use Search Analytics to see which search terms bring buyers.
Designing High-Converting Products (Previews, Thumbnails, & Covers)
Buyers scroll fast. In a grid of 24 square thumbnails, yours gets maybe a second. Make that second count.
The four parts of a listing that sells
- Thumbnail: big, readable title text (three to five words), the grade level, and a mockup of real pages. Tiny decorative fonts vanish at thumbnail size.
- Preview file: show three or four actual pages, watermarked. Buyers want to see the work, not five pages of credits.
- Title: lead with what it is and who it's for.
- Description: list exactly what's inside ("24 task cards, recording sheet, answer key") and how long it takes to use.
Title: before and after
Before
"Fun Fraction Fiesta!!"
After
"Equivalent Fractions Task Cards 4th Grade | Print and Digital"
The second version reads like the search a teacher actually types. The first one is cute, but nobody searches for "fiesta."
TPT Keyword Idea Generator
Pick a grade and subject to get five long-tail title ideas built the way teachers search. Use them as starting points, then check each one in the TPT search bar to see what already ranks.
- Your five keyword ideas will appear here.
Ideas are generated from common TPT search patterns and the current season, not from live search-volume data. Exclusive sellers can confirm demand in TPT's Keyword Finder.
Common design mistakes
- Using a different look on every product, so your store never feels like a brand.
- Not mentioning the answer key in the description, which makes buyers assume there isn't one.
- Using AI-generated images. Under TPT's new policy, that can now get a listing removed.
Here's the thing most sellers learn late. A plain product with a crystal-clear preview often outsells a gorgeous one with a vague preview, because teachers buy what they can picture using on Tuesday.
4. Crucial Legal and Design Compliance for Teacher-Authors
One copyright complaint can take down a listing. Repeated ones can close a store. The rules aren't complicated, but they're strict.
In this section: copyright and TOU · DMCA takedowns · fonts and clip art · AI policy · AI verifier · safety checklist
Understanding Copyright, Trademarks, and Terms of Use (TOU)
Only sell what you created or have written permission to use. That rules out a lot of tempting ideas:
- Characters and brands like Pete the Cat, Elf on the Shelf or Disney names in your titles or pages.
- Passages or illustrations from published books. A novel study with your own questions is fine; pasting whole chapters isn't.
- Screenshots of other sellers' products, even inside a "favorites" bundle.
- Logos from sports teams, apps or games, even as decoration.
What belongs in your Terms of Use page
Every product should include a short TOU page. A solid one covers:
- The purchase covers one teacher and one classroom.
- Buyers may not share, resell or post the file publicly.
- Other teachers need their own copy or an additional license, available at a discount at checkout.
- Credit for every clip art artist and font designer you used.
- How to contact you with questions.
How Do DMCA Takedowns Work on TPT?
If someone copies your product and lists it on TPT, you can file a formal infringement notice. TPT's Copyright Policy spells out what it needs.
Filing a notice when your work is stolen
- Identify your work: the original product and proof you made it, such as your listing URL and file dates.
- Identify the copy: the URL of the infringing resource on TPT and how it copies yours.
- Add your full contact details: name, mailing address, phone and email.
- Include two statements: that you believe in good faith the use isn't authorized, and, under penalty of perjury, that your information is accurate and you own the rights.
- Sign it, physically or electronically.
- Send it to copyright@teacherspayteachers.com or by mail to TPT's Legal Department in San Mateo, California.
For a trademark claim, include your federal registration number too.
If you receive a notice
Your listing comes down first. If you believe it was a mistake, you can send a counter-notice with the same kind of details, plus your consent to federal court jurisdiction. TPT forwards it to the person who complained, and if they don't start legal action within 10 days, your content can be restored.
Don't take this lightly. TPT may close the accounts of repeat or egregious infringers.
Copies showing up outside TPT
When your files appear on a free download site or a shady store, TPT can't remove them. File a DMCA notice with that site's host instead, and send a removal request to Google so the page drops from search results.
Commercial Use Guidelines for Fonts, Graphics, and Clipart
"Free for personal use" means you can't use it in something you sell. Plenty of new sellers find this out from a takedown notice.
- Buy a commercial license for every font and clip art set. Many teacher-favorite font makers sell a separate license for TPT sellers.
- Credit the artist on your credits page, using the link format their TOU asks for.
- Read Canva's rules before using Canva elements. You can use many in a finished product, but you can't resell a Canva template as a template.
- Keep every receipt in one folder. If a license is questioned, a dated receipt settles it fast.
How to flatten clip art so buyers can't pull it out
Most clip art licenses require you to "secure" the images. The reason is simple: if a buyer can click and copy the art, they can reuse it without paying the artist.
For PDF products:
- Design each page in PowerPoint (or your usual tool).
- Export every slide as a high-resolution PNG image.
- Start a fresh file and place each PNG as a full-page picture.
- Add any text boxes buyers need to type in on top of the image.
- Save as PDF and test it: try to click and drag the clip art. It shouldn't move.
For Google Slides products: export your designed background as an image, then in Google Slides use Slide → Change background to set it. Add editable text boxes on top. Students can type, but the clip art stays locked in the background.
No method is unbreakable, and a determined person can still screenshot a page. Flattening is about meeting the artist's license and stopping casual copying.
What Does TPT's October 2026 AI Policy Mean for Sellers?
At its October 2026 seller Town Hall, TPT announced it will ban AI-generated resources. The company says seller material should be unique, expertly crafted and free of AI, and it's building tools to find and remove AI-made products faster.
This came after reports in summer 2026 of low-quality AI content on the marketplace, such as an alphabet coloring sheet missing a letter.
What's still unclear
- Exactly where the line falls, for example whether using AI to fix grammar counts.
- When enforcement starts and how existing listings will be reviewed.
- What penalties sellers face beyond listing removal.
What to do right now
- Audit your store for any AI-generated images or text and plan to replace them.
- Keep your working files (drafts, layered design files) as proof that you made a product yourself.
- Read TPT's official policy text the day it's published, and update this page's advice against it.
AI Content Verifier
Answer honestly for one resource. The result updates after every answer.
-
Cover and thumbnail were designed by meNo AI image generators used for covers, mockups or backgrounds.
-
Clip art is hand-drawn or from licensed human artistsNo AI-generated clip art packs, even ones sold as "commercial use".
-
Passages, questions and answer keys were written by meNot drafted by a chatbot and lightly edited.
-
No telltale AI image flawsNo garbled letters, extra fingers, melted objects or nonsense signs.
-
Title and description were written by meThe listing itself is covered by the policy too.
-
I kept my working files as proofDrafts, layered design files or scans of sketches, saved with dates.
Answer all six questions to see where this resource stands under TPT's AI-free rule.
A self-check based on TPT's October 2026 announcement. TPT had not published full enforcement details at the time of writing, so it can't guarantee how a listing will be reviewed.
Our take: sellers who already make everything by hand have little to worry about, and the ban may even help them stand out. Sellers who leaned on AI art should start replacing it now, before enforcement tools arrive.
Is My Resource Safe to Upload?
Run through this before every upload. It takes under a minute and covers the issues behind most takedowns.
Tick each item once it's true for this resource.
5. From Our Blog: Advanced TPT Strategies & Updates
Fee changes, search tips and store teardowns, published as they happen.
Fresh articles are on the way
Fresh articles are on the way. Check back soon!
Frequently Asked Questions About TPT
Is Teachers Pay Teachers free to use?
Yes, a buyer account is free, and you can download free resources without paying anything. You only pay for paid resources you choose to buy. Selling costs money: $29 once for Basic or $59.95 a year for Exclusive.
Can I share a TPT resource with another teacher?
Usually not. A standard TPT license covers one teacher, so a colleague needs their own copy or an additional license, which you can add at checkout. Always check the Terms of Use page inside the file.
How much does TPT take from sellers?
Basic sellers keep 55% of each sale minus a $0.30 fee per resource. Exclusive sellers keep 80% through December 31, 2026, then 77.5% from January 1, 2027, with no fee on orders over $3 and $0.15 per resource on orders under $3.
What happened to TPT Premium seller accounts?
TPT closed Premium to new sign-ups on October 1, 2026 and is replacing it with the Exclusive Seller membership. Premium sellers who don't opt in to Exclusive by December 31, 2026 become Basic sellers on January 1, 2027.
Can Exclusive sellers still sell Boom Cards or clip art elsewhere?
Yes. Clip art, fonts, physical products, courses, Boom Cards and Kindle books can still be sold off TPT. Only digital educational resources, memberships that include them, and licenses for them must be sold exclusively on TPT.
Does TPT allow AI-generated resources?
No. In October 2026 TPT announced a ban on AI-generated resources and said it is building tools to find and remove them. Full details on enforcement were still to come, so sellers should read the official policy before uploading.
Bottom line: buy narrowly and read the license. If you sell, make your Basic-or-Exclusive decision before January 1, 2027, because that one choice changes what you keep from every sale.